Why is marijuana banned at the Olympics?

When the women’s 100m dash is run, America’s fastest woman Sha’Carri Richardson won’t be there. She received a one-month suspension for testing positive for THC, the active ingredient in marijuana. Some have complained that it was not fair to test for marijuana, even going so far as to call the Olympics racist.

I was a Doping Control Medical Officer at the 1996 Atlanta Olympic games, an NCAA drug testing Crew Chief, and have been a Medical Review Officer (a physician certified to review federally regulated drug tests) for 100’s of thousands of drug tests. Here are the facts.

Drug testing in Olympics is not just about whether a substance is legal or illegal. Most substances on the banned list are legal with a prescription. Even over the counter substances such as pseudoephedrine and ephedrine are forbidden. In 1972, American swimmer Rick De Mont was stripped of his gold medal when his urinalysis showed ephedrine.

The Olympic policy on marijuana is actually quite lax. It is only banned during competition. Olympians are subject to un-announced year-round testing for many substances, but not THC. Athletes can toke up all they want between competitions. Moreover, the Olympic cutoff for THC is high-150ng/ml. This level is 10 times higher than the cutoff level used for employee drug testing programs. It takes considerable marijuana use to get a level above 150 ng/ml.

The decision to ban a substance is based on 3 criteria. If 2 criteria are met, the substance is banned.

The ability to enhance performance is only one of the 3 criteria. If you believe, like 36 States’ legislatures, that marijuana has medicinal properties, then you would believe that it could improve performance by alleviating pain, treating muscle spasm, relieving anxiety, etc. Therefore, an argument can be made that it meets criterion number one.

The second criterion is whether the substance represents a potential risk for the athlete. Marijuana can impair perception and executive functions. THC-impaired athletes could endanger themselves and others in high-velocity sports such as downhill skiing and bicycle racing, for example.

Right there, marijuana meets 2 criteria and is banned.

The third criterion is a little vaguer. A substance is banned if it Interferes with the “spirit of sport” including fair play and setting a good example. The ideal of the Olympics is that the best athlete wins, not the athlete who takes the optimal combination of potentially dangerous drugs. Also, the USA does not set the rules. It is the International Olympic Committee that is in charge, and marijuana is still illegal in most of the world. By the way, before you say “what about alcohol,” alcohol testing has been done at the Olympics too. My first job at the 1996 games was to breathalyze volleyball referees. Seems that they had a problem with them showing up drunk at a previous tournament.

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